Corundum mullite castableyog cov khoom siv refractory siab -kev ua haujlwm monolithic. Ua ke cov khoom zoo heev ntawm corundum thiab mullite aggregates, nws nta siab - kub tsis kam, zoo thermal stability, hnav tsis kam, thermal shock resistance, thiab compact qauv. Nws yog dav siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv ob sab phlu hauv siab -cov khoom siv kub ua haujlwm ntawm 1300℃-1600 degree, suav nrog cov chaw tsim khoom, cov cua kub ducts, incinerators, txiv qaub kilns, thiab cov cua kub cua sov, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom lub sij hawm ntev - thiab ruaj khov kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv highperature {8}.
Cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov castable no yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab kev tswj hwm nruj thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem, suav nrog cov khoom sib faib, sib xyaw, casting, kho, thiab qhuav - tawm txheej txheem. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawm - qhov chaw teeb tsa, kev ua haujlwm tsis raug lossis tsis txaus tswj cov txheej txheem yuav yooj yim ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem zoo, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub zog ntawm cov qauv, kev ua haujlwm ntawm refractory, thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov ntaub.
Raws li kev tsim kho kev lag luam, kab lus no tau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem zoo uas tshwm sim thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem tsim kho ntawm corundum mullite castables, txheeb xyuas lawv cov laj thawj, thiab tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj hwm, muab cov kev taw qhia rau cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa.
Ⅰ.Kev tswj dej tsis zoo thaum lub sij hawm sib xyaw ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo
Kev tswj cov dej noo yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm corundum mullite castables thiab ib qho ntawm cov chaw uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov teeb meem zoo thaum lub sij hawm ntawm - qhov chaw tsim kho. Piv nrog rau cov pa siab -alumina castables, corundum mullite castables feature compact aggregate qauv thiab tsis tshua muaj dej nqus, ua rau lawv rhiab heev rau variations nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab lus dej. Thaum lub sij hawm kev teeb tsa, qee tus neeg ua haujlwm ntxiv dej ntau dhau ntawm qib pom zoo los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab ua kom yooj yim tso. Ua ke nrog cov xwm txheej xws li los nag- huab cua kev tsim kho, kev tsim cov dej hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab kev siv cov dej tsis huv, cov kev coj ua no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv cov txheej txheem castable.
Cov dej noo ntau dhau ua rau cov castable sib tov dej ntau dhau, ua rau muaj qhov pore ntau dhau thiab nce porosity ntawm qhov chaw castable tom qab casting thiab demolding. Tom qab kho, txheej txheej saum npoo yuav ntxeem tau thiab mechanically tsis muaj zog. Thaum lub sij hawm ua haujlwm siab - kub, cov txheej tsis muaj zog no ua rau cov hmoov av thiab tawg, ua rau txo qis qhov hnav tsis kam thiab siab - qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ob sab phlu thiab cov khoom siv sijhawm luv luv.
Hloov pauv, cov ntsiab lus dej tsis txaus ua rau qhov sib xyaw qhuav thiab tawv tawv uas nyuaj rau compact los ntawm kev co. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis xws luag, cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li kev teeb tsa. Cov qib dej ntxiv rau corundum mullite castables yuav tsum tswj tsis pub dhau 5.0% -6.2%, nrog rau kev txwv siab ntawm 6.5%. Tus nqi dej yuav tsum tau ntsuas kom raug ntsuas los ntawm qhov hnyav, thiab kev kho cov dej ntxiv raws li tus neeg siv kev paub tsis raug tso cai. Cov dej huv huv yuav tsum tau siv, thaum dej zoo, dej tsis huv, lossis cov dej uas muaj impurities yuav tsum zam.
Qhov chaw sib tov yuav tsum tau tsa thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm nag thiab noo. Lub sij hawm sib tov yuav tsum tau tswj tsis pub dhau 3-5 feeb kom txog thaum sib tov sib xyaw nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua kom muaj dej me ntsis. Kev sib xyaw ua kua dej ntau dhau yog tsis tsim nyog. Kev tswj xyuas nruj nruj yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem sib tov.
Ⅱ.Kev vibration tsis txaus thaum lub sij hawm Casting ua rau sab hauv Honeycombing
Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo thiab kev vibration compaction yog thawj qhov ua rau honeycombing, sab hauv voids, thiab tsis zoo compactness nyob rau hauv refractory castables. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem pab ua kom tawg thiab tawg ntawm qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias thaum ua haujlwm. Feem ntau ntawm - teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw suav nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus vibrator, tsis txaus vibration lub sij hawm rau txhua lub voj voog, kev co tsis txaus nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv tuag, thiab ntau txheej txheej txheej thickness. Nyuaj-rau- mus txog thaj chaw tom qab thauj tog rau nkoj, ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov ces kaum, thiab nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yog qhov ua rau tsis txaus, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj sab hauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ntxov ntxov, tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm kev tswj kom txaus txaus ua ntej kom txaus compaction tiav thiab ua rau cov qauv voids.
Voids thiab honeycomb defects tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov txheej txheem. Thaum lub sij hawm ua haujlwm siab - qhov kub thiab txias, thermal stress nyiam mloog zoo nyob ib ncig ntawm cov teeb meem no, maj mam ua rau tawg propagation thiab localized spalling. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, qhov dav dav ntawm lub hauv ob sab phlu tuaj yeem tshwm sim, cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov teeb meem no, cov txheej txheem casting thiab vibration yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev coj ua. Ib txheej txheej casting yuav tsum tau saws, nrog rau txhua txheej thickness tswj tsis pub dhau 250-300 hli. Cov txheej tuab tuab heev hauv ib qho kev ua haujlwm casting yuav tsum zam. Qhov sib nrug ntawm cov ntsiab lus vibrator yuav tsum khaws cia li ntawm 250-300 mm. Kev vibration yuav tsum txuas ntxiv mus kom txog thaum cov txheej slurry zoo nkaus li tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov npuas cua tau tso tawm tag nrho. Lub vibrator yuav tsum tau maj mam tshem tawm kom tsis txhob tsim cov voids.
Rau qhov nyuaj-mus rau- mus txog thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig cov thauj tog rau nkoj thiab cov kaum phab ntsa, phau ntawv vibration siv lub vibrator tiaj tus yuav tsum tau siv los xyuas kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb txaus. Lub batch loj yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom raug muab tso rau hauv nws lub sijhawm pib ntawm 25-30 feeb. Cov khoom uas twb tau mus txog qhov chaw pib yuav tsum muab pov tseg. Retempering nrog dej thiab rov siv dua yog nruj me ntsis txwv.
Ⅲ.Kev kho tsis tsim nyog thiab ua ntej demolding ua rau Shrinkage Cracking
Qhuav shrinkage kab nrib pleb yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm installation ntawm corundum mullite castables. They typically appear as dense hairline cracks on the castable surface after demolding and, in severe cases, may develop into deep cracks extending through the lining. Thaum lub sij hawm siab - kub thermal cycling, cov kab nrib pleb no tseem tuaj yeem nthuav tawm, thaum kawg ua rau hauv ob sab phlu. Qhov teeb meem no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntxov ntxov, kev kho tsis txaus, tsis zoo ib puag ncig, thiab kev ntxhov siab sab hauv los ntawm cov qauv kev txwv.
Lub hnub ci ntau dhau thiab cov cua muaj zog ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa tuaj yeem ua kom cov av noo noo evaporation, ua rau tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw thiab sab hauv ntawm cov castable thiab ua rau tawg tawg. Kev tshem tawm ntxov ntxov ua ntej ua tiav ntawm lub sijhawm kho uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sijhawm ambient - qhov kub thiab txias installation tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov castable hardened.
Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias cov thauj tog rau nkoj tsis tau muab kev txhawb nqa kom zoo, cov castable yuav muaj kev ntxhov siab tensile thiab mechanical restraint thaum hardening thiab shrinkage, uas ua rau lub nplhaib tawg thiab daim ntawv qhia tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis muaj cov pob qij txha nthuav dav hauv qhov loj - thaj tsam phab ntsa tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm thermal stresses tshwm sim los ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab kev cog lus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem tawg.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv kom txhob qhuav shrinkage tawg, cov txheej txheem demolding thiab curing yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo. Nyob rau hauv ambient kub ntawm 20-28 degree, lub sij hawm demolding yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 24 teev. Nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias qis dua 15 degree, lub sij hawm demolding yuav tsum tau ncua mus rau ntau tshaj 36 teev. Tam sim ntawd tom qab demolding, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau npog nrog cov dej noo- khaws cov ntaub ntawv kom ntub dej, nrog lub sijhawm kho yam tsawg kawg 72 teev.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov kub thiab cua txias, sunshades thiab cua barriers yuav tsum tau ntsia kom tiv thaiv kom txhob ya raws sai sai nto evaporation. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, ib tug 0.8-1.0 hli tuab asphalt txheej yuav tsum tau siv rau hlau thauj tog rau nkoj muab nyiaj rau thermal zog, thiab thauj tog rau nkoj sib nrug ntawm 400-500 hli. Thaum cov phab ntsa ntev tshaj li 1.2 meters, cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tau muab ntsia raws li cov lus qhia kom txo tau cov thermal stress thiab tiv thaiv tag nrho - qhov tob tawg.
IV. Qhuav tsis zoo-Cov txheej txheem tawm ua rau hauv ob sab phlu thiab spalling
Cov txheej txheem qhuav- tawm yog ib theem kawg tseem ceeb hauv kev teeb tsa refractory castable thiab ib qho ntawm cov theem feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj yog tias tsis tswj tau zoo. Corundum mullite castables muaj ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm chemically khi dej thiab tsis muaj ya raws. Yog hais tias lub cua sov thaum lub sij hawm qhuav- tawm yog sai heev, sab hauv cov dej noo tsis tuaj yeem tso tawm tau zoo, ua rau muaj vapor siab ntau heev uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheej tawv tawv ntawm cov castable. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau hauv ob sab phlu o, nto tawg, thiab loj -scale spalling, thaum kawg yuav tsum tau them nqi rework.
Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm - qhov chaw hauv ob sab phlu kev puas tsuaj yog cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo - tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem thaum ntxov ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws qhuav-tawm txheej txheem yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem cua sov tswj. Kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau thiab kev kub ceev ceev yog txwv tsis pub thaum pib. Los ntawm chav tsev kub mus rau 150 degree, qhov cua sov yuav tsum raug txwv rau 10℃/ h, thiab qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau tuav rau 12-16 teev kom tshem tawm cov dej noo dawb los ntawm cov castable.
Qhov ntsuas 150-350℃yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev qhuav dej. Cov cua kub yuav tsum tau txo mus rau 8-10℃/ h, thiab qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau 24 teev kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj chemically khi dej thiab tiv thaiv explosive explosive los ntawm vapor siab. Hauv 350-600℃ntau, qhov cua sov tuaj yeem nce mus rau 15-20℃/ h. Nruab nrab ntawm 600℃thiab 1100 degree, qhov cua sov yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 25-30℃/ h.
Tom qab ncav cuag qhov kub ntawm lub hom phiaj, lub cub tawg yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 1100-1350℃rau 8-12 teev ua ntej kev tsim khoom tsis tu ncua pib, ua kom lub sijhawm ntev - lub sijhawm ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem refractory.
Ⅴ.Kev teeb tsa tsis raug ntawm Refractory Anchors Ua rau Localized Spalling
Refractory anchors yog cov khoom tseem ceeb uas siv los ua kom ruaj ntseg castable hauv ob sab phlu, thiab lawv cov kev txhim kho zoo muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub hauv ob sab phlu. Feem ntau ntawm - teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw muaj xws li thauj tog rau nkoj tsis txaus, tsis muaj zog weld, tsis muaj thermal expansion expansion ntsuas, thiab tsis zoo compaction nyob ib ncig ntawm lub thauj tog rau nkoj. Tom qab kev ua haujlwm, cov teeb meem xws li cov kab nrib pleb ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus thauj tog rau nkoj thiab cov kab hauv kab hauv zos tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Cov coefficients ntawm thermal expansion ntawm hlau anchors thiab refractory castables txawv heev. Yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, qhov sib txawv thermal deformation ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv no thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab - kub tuaj yeem tsim kev ntxhov siab, ua rau cov qauv castable nyob ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo thauj tog rau nkoj vuam tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem tsis txaus, ua rau xoob thiab hauv ob sab phlu tsis ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ntev - lub sij hawm thermal cycling.
Thaum lub sij hawm installation, lub refractory thauj tog rau nkoj installation txheej txheem yuav tsum standardized. Y- hom thauj tog rau nkoj yuav tsum tau txuas txuas ntxiv nrog lub vuam ceg loj ntawm tsawg kawg yog 6 hli kom ntseeg tau tias kev txhim kho txhim khu kev qha yam tsis muaj vuam tsis zoo. Tag nrho cov thauj tog rau nkoj yuav tsum tau coated nrog asphalt xim kom haum rau thermal txav thiab txo qhov kev ntxhov siab. Cov cheeb tsam nyob ib puag ncig cov thauj tog rau nkoj yuav tsum tau kho raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw sib cog lus, qhov chaw ntxiv kev co yuav tsum tau siv los xyuas kom meej cov ntaub ntawv kom zoo, tiv thaiv voids thiab kab nrib pleb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub thauj tog rau nkoj, thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov castable hauv ob sab phlu thiab steel qauv.
Ⅵ.Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo thaum lub sij hawm Casting ua rau cov pob qij txha
Cov pob qij txha txias yog ib qho tsis xws luag hauv ntau- txheej castable installation. Lawv feem ntau tshwm sim raws li qhov ncaj, nruam tawg ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem tawv tawv dhau los, muab txoj hauv kev rau cov roj kub thiab kub nkag. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev -, cov kab nrib pleb no tuaj yeem nthuav tawm mus ntxiv, ua rau cov pa taws kub thiab ua rau muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm ob sab.
Lub hauv paus ua rau cov pob qij txha txias yog lub sij hawm ntau dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem casting. Thaum cov txheej txheem tom ntej tsuas yog tom qab txheej txheej dhau los tau teeb tsa tag nrho, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab qub tsis tuaj yeem ua kom zoo thiab sib koom ua ke, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm pib ntawm cov khoom siv luv luv. Yog hais tias lub sij hawm tsim kho tsis raug kho raws li, kev sib koom ua ke txias tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov pob qij txha txias thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm casting, lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem casting yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo. Txhua txheej yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ntej txheej dhau los mus txog qhov chaw pib, ua kom muaj kev sib txuas txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws hauv ob sab phlu.
Yog hais tias yav dhau los txheej tau tag nrho hardened, lub interface yuav tsum tau mechanically roughened, thiab tag nrho cov nto plua plav thiab khib nyiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom huv si. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg sawv cev tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv ua ntej muab cov txheej txheem castable tshiab.
Thaum lub sij hawm siab - nruab hnub kub, qhov loj ntawm batch yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg thiab qhov ceev nrooj nce ntxiv los tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa ntxov ntxov, yog li zam kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem kom raug.
Ⅶ.High -Kev Ua Haujlwm Kub Uas Nto Pulverization thiab Erosion
Tom qab lub sijhawm ntev - raug rau 1400℃cov kev pabcuam, qee qhov corundum mullite castable hauv ob sab phlu tuaj yeem ntsib qhov sib xyaw ua ke, pulverization, erosion, thiab particle detachment, txo lawv lub neej kev pabcuam. Qhov teeb meem no feem ntau yog los ntawm ob qho laj thawj. First, unauthorized modifications to the mix design during installation, such as adding extra aggregates or reducing matrix fines content, can result in insufficient density and bonding strength, reducing structural stability under high-temperature service conditions. Thib ob, ntev -lub sij hawm tawm tsam los ntawm alkali- muaj cov vapors hauv cov kiln yuav hloov cov qauv siv lead ua mullite, ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab thaum kawg ua rau lub ntsej muag xoob thiab hauv ob sab phlu puas.
Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, kev ua raws cai nruj me ntsis raws li cov chaw tsim khoom tsim kev sib xyaw tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua. Kev hloov pauv tsis tau tso cai rau kev tsim qauv, suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib sau lossis kev muab qhab nia, raug txwv nruj thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm cov matrix thiab cov theem sib sau ua ke, txhim kho cov castable qhov ceev thiab siab - qhov kub thiab txias kev ruaj ntseg.
Rau qhov chaw ci ci uas raug alkali vapor nres, qis -cement corundum mullite castables yog nyiam vim lawv cov alkali corrosion kuj zoo heev thiab thermal aging kuj. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm hnyav, tiv thaiv lub hauv ob sab phlu thiab txuas nws lub neej kev pabcuam.
Kev txhim kho zoo ntawm corundum mullite castable linings plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm kev lag luam siab - cov khoom siv kub. Kev tsis zoo feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem tsis txaus thiab tsis ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa kom raug. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, kev tswj nruj yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem, suav nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke, thauj tog rau nkoj installation, casting thiab vibration compaction, kev sib koom ua ke, demolding thiab curing, thiab furnace dry- tawm cov txheej txheem.
Kev tiv thaiv zoo yuav tsum tau siv los daws cov teeb meem zoo. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa, cov teeb meem xws li cov txheej txheem looseness, tawg, voids, spalling, thiab pulverization tuaj yeem txo qis, siv tag nrho cov khoom zoo tshaj ntawm cov khoom siv refractory.corundum mullite castablesthiab ua kom ntseeg tau ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov khoom siv kub siab -.